Network Architecture & Security Concepts
4.1 Enterprise Networking Concepts
**4.1.1 OSI Model & Troubleshooting**
Layer 7 - Application | HTTP, SMTP, DNS | Browser issuesLayer 6 - Presentation | SSL/TLS, Encryption | Certificate errorsLayer 5 - Session | NetBIOS, SQL | Session timeoutsLayer 4 - Transport | TCP, UDP | Port blockingLayer 3 - Network | IP, ICMP | Routing issuesLayer 2 - Data Link | Ethernet, WiFi | Switch problemsLayer 1 - Physical | Cables, Hardware | Cable damage**4.1.2 Network Security Zones**
Internet (Untrusted) ↓External Firewall ↓DMZ (Semi-trusted)├── Web Servers├── Email Gateway└── Reverse Proxy ↓Internal Firewall ↓Internal Network (Trusted)├── Production VLAN├── Management VLAN└── Guest VLAN**4.1.3 Common Ports & Protocols**
Service | Port | Protocol | Usage-------------------- |------- |---------- |------------------------HTTP | 80 | TCP | Web trafficHTTPS | 443 | TCP | Secure web trafficSMTP | 25 | TCP | Email sendingPOP3 | 110 | TCP | Email retrievalIMAP | 143 | TCP | Email retrievalDNS | 53 | UDP/TCP | Name resolutionDHCP | 67/68 | UDP | IP configurationLDAP | 389 | TCP | Directory servicesLDAPS | 636 | TCP | Secure LDAPRDP | 3389 | TCP | Remote desktopSMB | 445 | TCP | File sharingKerberos | 88 | TCP/UDP | AuthenticationNTP | 123 | UDP | Time sync Lab 4.1: Network Troubleshooting Toolkit
Module 5: PowerShell & Automation Basics Day 12-15: PowerShell for M365 Administration 5.1 PowerShell Fundamentals
**5.1.1 Essential PowerShell Modules****5.1.2 Connection Scripts** 5.2 Automation Scripts for Daily Tasks**5.2.1 User Provisioning Script**